Reflective Writing - My Development as a Writer Essay -- Bilingual Eng

A Nomad Writer America is a place full of immigrants with no single ethnicity or race. America can also be referred to as the ?Melting Pot? because it consists ingredients of multicultural backgrounds. There are cultures such as French American, Asian American, Italian American and African American. I am Mexican American. My culture has helped me to become the writer I am today. My bicultural background and constant moving back and forth from Mexico to America has both influenced and weakened my writing. Although I was born in America, my Mexican culture has always been a part of my life. I have spent the majority of my life in Mexico, and Spanish is my first language. After I turned one, my family moved to Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. Raised there, I developed a routine of speaking Spanish throughout the day with my mother, and speaking English in the evening with my father when he arrived home from work. Speaking two languages at home was completely normal to me and easy for me to adjust. However, th e school I attended as a young kid was much more difficult. The small kindergarten and elementary school I went to over packed their classrooms with twenty more kids than the set limit. The teachers did not have a lot of physical materials to teach with; they only had two pieces of chalk, a board and stamps. Ciudad Juarez is a highly populated and dangerous city in terms of first-degree crimes such as rape and murder. They have a poor education system offered in both public and private schools, which weakened my first experiences with learning. As a child, I felt unsafe learning in such a poor environment and wanted to leave school and go home early everyday. Af... ... but sometimes I still struggle just as many other foreign speakers do. Regardless of the culture, literature allows for people to express themselves. Because of my bicultural background, I am a person who understands literature as a form of communication for every culture. My experience with two different languages allowed me to become the writer I am today with strong ideas. My writings at the University of Arizona, related to the importance of my culture and how it affects my life. I have become a successful student due to the fact to that great importance I see. My classmates in the required class for my Hispanic Alumni Scholarship have also become successful writers and students. One of the students in my class, Jordan Garcia, has had three of her essays published for the newspaper. Culture makes one a successful person, and motivates one to write.

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Introduction Insolvency arises from a situation whereby a business organization has too many liabilities than its assets. This makes the business organization unable to pay its debts hence resulting to closure of the business and all its assets auctioned to pay its debts. Insolvency affects the economic growth rate of a country. Insolvency mostly arises from poor organizational performance in terms of profitability and poor cash management and leadership. Due to increased insolvencies, the economic growth of a country is reduced. The economic growth rate has effects on the population of a country (Ackelsberg and Arlow, 2005). If the economy of a country is down, it population is low due to lack of necessary resources to meet needs of its citizens satisfactorily and vice versa. Therefore, the management of business organization should ensure that their organizations are performing exceptionally well in order to contribute significantly to the economy of the country, directly and indirectly to the population growth in the country or region. 1.1 Statement identified in the case scenario and the main research questions For business organization to operate smoothly, they need sufficient resources. For the organization to acquire all the necessary resources it requires to meet its goals and objectives, it has source funds from different available sources of funds. Apart from the capital owned by the  business, a business organization borrows finance from banks and other financial creditors in order to finance its business operations effectively (Ackoff, 2003). The funds borrows are recorded as long term or short term loans depending on the repayment period. Insolvency arises whereby the business organization fails to pay its financial obligations with its lenders due to lack of sufficient funds to do so. Insolvency mostly arises from poor cash management within the organization, reduced forecasted cash inflow, increased cash expenses, continuous losses being made by the business organization and much more. In a country where its business organizations continuously become insolvent, the economy declines. A decline in the economy of such a country affects the population of the country significantly due to lack of employment leading to poor living standards and hygiene hence increasing death rates (Andersen, 2004). The rise of crimes also results from lack of employment opportunities and the high rate of crimes affects the population of the country indirectly. Therefore my main research question for this research project is, â€Å"Has there been a decrease in population in North Scotland in the past 12 months as a result of insolvencies?† This gave me a variety of research topics to choose from and they are: 1. The causes and effects of insolvency in a country. 2. Ways in which businesses become insolvent and how business insolvency can be avoided in future. 3. Population decrease as a result of insolvencies within a country. From the above three possible research topic, I chose, â€Å"Population decrease as a result of insolvencies within a country†, as the main research question. 1.2 Factors that contributed to the process of research project selection Importance of business organizations in a country Business organization performances affect the economy of a country either positively or negatively. Once the organizations are doing exceptionally well and achieving its goals and objectives, the economy of a country is raised. However, when the business organizations are continuously going bankrupt and insolvent due to insufficient funds, continuous losses and poor overall management, can affect the economy of a country negatively, and its decreases in terms of growth. The economy growth rate trend of a country has  effects on the population growth of the country (Andersen, 2005). If the economy growth rate decreases, the population rate of a country also decreases and vice versa. Social and economical factors are to be considered when writing up this research project as this will be dealing with the general public of Scotland and their economical status. Ethical issues I am fully aware of any ethical issues that may be involved in carrying out a research project. Privacy of the participants is of the utmost importance and is not to be disclosed to maintain the highest level of ethical integrity in regards to the research. Evans, G., Naim, M. and Towill, D. (1993, pp. 15-25), stated that when most people think of ethics (or morality), they think of rules to distinguish between good and evil, such as the Golden Rule (â€Å"Do unto others as we would have them do unto you†), Code of Ethics, such as the Hippocratic Oath (â€Å"First, do no harm†), a religious belief as the Ten Commandments (â€Å"Thou shall not kill †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ), or the wise words of Confucius aphorisms. This is the most common way to define â€Å"ethical† standards of operation that separates acceptable and unacceptable behaviour. Most people learn the ethical standards at home, school, church or social settings. The same principle applies to research and enfo rces the highest level of ethical conduct in all phases of the research, including the interaction and confidentiality of the respondents. However I am not bound to such ethical issues as I have used only secondary data. Significance of the study This research study will enable the management of business organizations to understand the causes of business insolvency and ways to avoid going insolvent. This will assist in avoiding business organizations in a country from going insolvent since the management is aware of the appropriate methods to avoid such a scenario. The government of a country will be aware of the effects of business insolvencies on the population growth rate of the country. This will make the government to support business organizations within the country so that the economy of the country is not affected negatively leading to a stable population in the country. 1.3 Critical review of key references Insolvency Insolvency arises when business organizations fail to pay their debts (Covin, Slevin and Schulz, 2004). Business organizations have to raise sufficient funds necessary to carry out their operation smoothly by availing all the necessary resources and also to meet the business expansion requirements. The capital raised by the owners of large businesses is not enough to run the organization as expected towards its mission and vision since the business organization needs more and more funds as it grows (Ackoff, 2003). This forces the business organizations to borrow loans from creditors and they are expected to re-pay back the loans on the agreed time by both parties. These organization may incur continuous losses, experience increased cash expenses or poor management of cash thus making it difficult for them to repay the loans advanced to them. This leads to insolvency of the business organizations which in some cases may give rise to legal disputes. Population growth rate As the economy of a country keeps on growing, its population growth rate increases. Availability of employment opportunities raises the standards of living within a country and this decreases death rates that could have arisen from poor hygiene (Armstrong, 2004). Increased per capita incomes also improve the population growth rate of a country since there are available resources to feed citizens of a country and this causes families to multiply hence increasing the population growth. However, business insolvencies affect the economy of a country negatively. The economy growth rate increases due to lack of sufficient income in the economy hence affecting the population growth of a country (Chakravarthy, 2006). Lack of enough resources to feed citizens of a country limits the number of family members since there is lack of enough resources to feed large families. Poor living standards also arise and this increases the death rate within a country (Ackoff, 2003). The quality of services offered in local hospitals is also affected by the decline in economy of the country. 1.4 Research project specification Research objectives The main question of this study is to investigate if a decrease in population  has been experienced in North Scotland due to business insolvencies. Therefore the objectives of this study are; 1. To identify the trend in Scottish population in the past 2 years 2. To describe or explain the effects of population trend in relation to the decline of Scottish businesses 3. To determine the influence of population trend and Scottish business 4. To give recommendations according to the research findings Significance of the study 1. From the study, the management of business organizations may understand the reasons for insolvency and ways to avoid going insolvent. 2. The study may help the government of a county understand the importance of supporting business organizations in the country effectively. 3. The research study may be of great help to future researchers when conducting their own research studies. Research methodology Naturally, the research study that will be done will be descriptive. Descriptive research cannot fit in the description of quantitative or qualitative research methodologies but it can utilize both of them (Balestra, 2006). By being able to utilize both methodologies, I have a chance of achieving the objectives of this research exceptionally well by acquisition of necessary evidence for answering all the research questions appropriately. Research design The design of this research study will be descriptive in nature. It entails the process of gathering data so as to answer questions concerning the present status of the research study by answering such questions as who, where, what, when, why and how. Data analysis techniques Secondary data is sourced from textbooks, research journals, media sources and then vital information in relevance to the study is extracted. Raw data from primary sources is then collected and edited. The information is analyzed and interpreted using appropriate analytical tool to reveal the characteristics, nature and realtionship and then presented in form of pie charts and tables. 2.1 Matching resources to research questions of the study Data Collection Methods A data collection procedure was developed which checked the value of the ideas behind the research by using the internet search engine Google and available literature relevant to this topic. Snopes is an online source of information that is mostly assessed by researchers to obtain secondary data (Beard and Dess, 2009). Snopes was used in this study since it has been recommended by most researchers as the most reliable source. It was accessed in order to define the meaning of insolvencies and population growth rate. I obtained the population trend in North Scotland in the past two years from  journals. The relationship between the population growth of a country and business insolvencies will be obtained from primary data collected by other researchers. For example questionnaires distributed to 1,000 respondents in North Scotland and their feedback will be clearly and carefully analyzed through the appropriate analytical tools for reliable and valid conclusions and recommendations. These are data collected by previous researchers which seem to have some knowledge regarding the impact of decline of Scottish businesses. Data was collected from documents such as company annual reports and media reports, and government statistics data. Although primary information collected via interviews and questionnaires myself personally would have been more appropriate and help shape the findings into an authentic conclusion. But due to the time and financial limitations I only used secondary data sources for my research project. 2.2 Research methods that was used in the study The research was conducted as outlined in the time table above and all deadlines met on time. The type of research conducted is descriptive in nature. Secondary data was obtained from online sites such as Snopes, journals, books and magazines and Governmental records of statistics. 2.3 Recording data acquired in the process of the research study Response rate Previously researcher’s targeted one thousand respondents in North Scotland and all of them were given questionnaires to fill. From the 1,000 respondents, only 900 respondents filled the forms as required and returned them on the specified time. Figure 1: Actual response Source: Research data Personal details a. Gender Out of the 900 respondents who participated in the research study, 40% (360) were women and 60% (540) were men. Figure 2: Gender details Source: Research data b. Level of education From the study, 99 percent of the respondents who participated in the  research studies were literate and had certificates, diplomas, degrees and masters. Only one percent of the lacked documents to support their academic credentials since they never finished school due to family and financial problems. Figure 3: Illiteracy or literacy percentage Source: Research data Effects of insolvencies on population 90% percent of the respondents argued that business insolvencies decrease the population growth rate of a country. Business organizations need to perform exceptionally well for them to improve the economy of a country since they are the main players in the economic development of a country. Once a large number of business organizations, go insolvent, the economic growth of a country declines. Lack of employment opportunities, poor lining standards and high crime rates increase leading to decreased population growth rate in a country. This is due to the fact that the number of family members is limited due to lack of sufficient resources to feed large numbers and increased death rates arising from poor living standards (Barney, 2008). The remaining 9 percent of the respondents thought that business insolvencies have nothing to do with the population of a country. Figure 4: Business insolvency Vs. Population growth Source: Research data The population trend in North Scotland for the past two years The population in North Scotland in the year 2010 was approximately 1, 800, 000 million according to online reliable sources. However in the year 2012, the total population of North Scotland decreased significantly by 100,000 due to increased death rates according to research conducted in the same year. Figure 5: Population trend in North Scotland in 2010 and 2012 3.1 Evaluation method Both qualitative and quantitative evaluation methods of evaluation were carried out throughout the process of this project. Data were collected and interpreted in the form of numbers as statistics were involved. This project also investigated certain behavior and lifestyle of people in order to find out the cause and effect process, which led to answering my main research question about decrease in population and insolvencies. 3.2 Research findings Businesses need adequate finances for them to operate smoothly. There are various sources of funds that a business organization can access to acquire the required finances to avail all necessary resources needed in the organization. the mostly accessed sources of funds is the selling of shares to the general public and potential investors and loans that are borrowed from banks and other financial institutions that offer loans to individuals and business organizations. The loans that are advanced to a business organization have to be repaid back in the specified period of time and amount. Once an organization fails to meet its debts in the agreed period of time, the organization is said to be going bankrupt and insolvent. The major reasons why businesses go insolvent is due to poor cash management, continuous losses, poor investments and poor overall management of the business organization. The population growth rate of Scotland generally in the pas t years has been improving signific antly. The approximate population of Scotland as per now is 5.3 million. This number is less due to the size of the country and although it much more than before. This shows that the economic development in the country is encouraging since the economy of a population plays a huge role in its population growth. Once the economy of a country is decreasing in its growth, the population of a country decreases  due to lack of sufficient resources to meet the needs of all the country’s citizens satisfactorily. Poor living standards are also experienced due to lack of sufficient resources to promote high quality health care, education and general living standards. This leads to increased deaths and reduced birth rates hence decreasing the size of the country as discovered from the research. From the research study, we can see that, the population of North Scotland was 1.8 million in the year 2010. According to available statistics, the insolvency rate in the country at that time was very low and businesses were running smoothly hence the economy of the country was steady. The population had increased by 200, 000 people in the same year compared to year 2009. This was due to the availability of sufficient resources to cater for all the needs of the residents of North Scotland satisfactorily. However, in the year 2011, the insolvency level in North Scotland started to increase. The number of businesses that were being closed down increased significantly and in the year 2012, a total of eighty two businesses had been closed down. This insolvency level lead to poor economic growth in the region since business organizations that were contributing effectively in the generation of income within the region were no more. This led to high unemployment level within the region, poor living standards, increased death rates and reduced birth rates. Some people migrated to other paths of the country to look for greener pasture. All this resulted to a decrease in population in the North region part of Scotland. 3.3 Recommendations Business organizations play an instrumental role in the economic growth of a country. The income generated by these organizations is what grows the economy of a country. Therefore, organizational managers should ensure that all the organization’s resources are effectively managed and the organization is meeting its goals and objectives in order to be in a good state of repaying back debts. This will make business organizations avoid becoming insolvent and instead contribute significantly towards the economic growth of a region or country. The government of a country should assist business operations within the country for them to continue improving the economy of a country. In this case the population growth of a country will not be affected since there will be sufficient resources to cater for  residents in the country. Health standards will be encouraging and crime rates will be low hence promoting the population growth in the country. This investigation has recognized fiv e drivers: Enterprise Investment Skills Innovation Competition This audit acknowledges the first of these, endeavour. The investigation draws on existing research and frameworks what is implied by big business, why it is a critical driver of development, what the potential measures/indicators of big business are and how the UK and Scottish economies perform. Where accessible, execution is contrasted with the ‘Curve of Prosperity’ and other little European nations sketched out in the Government Economic Strategy Venture is an essential driver of investment development and profit, and additionally impacts levels of enhancement and rivalry. Undertaking includes the formation of little organizations and the advancement of new thoughts (business endeavor) and additionally the development of existing organizations. The entrepreneurial environment in Scotland is generally favorable, and contrasts well and different nations. Nonetheless, Scotland confronts a testing in exploiting this and making an entrepreneurial society and new organizations. Start-up rates slack most other UK areas and numerous different nations, and in spite of the fact that Scottish mentality towards enterprise are sure and match those of the UK, Scots are more averse to change over this without hesitation. Access to back and an apprehension of disappointment may be purposes behind this. Various years of low rates of business development have left Scotland with a low business stock. Assuming that Scotland had the same number of organizations in respect to the population, GVA could be in the district of 30% higher. A low extent of organizations in Scotland show critical development – just about 5.5% expansion their turnover by more than  £400,000 over a three year period. Then again, there is little proof that Scotland’s execution is any more terrible than the UK overall – and Scotland may perform somewhat bett er. Access to additional powerful information however is obliged to completely evaluate the execution of organizations in Scotland contrasted  with different zones. Impediments to development recognized by organizations incorporate the impacts of rivalry in the business sector, business regulations and the general monetary atmosphere. Market disappointments incorporate data lacks and data asymmetries that can influence access to general data about business start-up and development and access money for a few organizations and new begins. All in all, Scotland’s issue in connection to big business does not have all the earmarks of being that our organizations are less development orientated than those in whatever is left of the UK, its that we don’t have enough organizations regard. Conclusion The rate of business insolvency affects the economic growth of a country. Business organizations have the right to select their preferred sources of capital. The most preferred sources are bank loans, selling of shares to the public and ploughing back earned [profits. Loans advanced to business organizations have to be repaid in the agreed period of time and amount. Once organizations fail to repay their debts due to lack of sufficient cash arising from poor cash management and continuous losses, they are said to be insolvent. Insolvency affects the economy of a country due to reduced number of business organizations to generate the required income. In North Scotland, a high number of business organizations became insolvent and this led to decline in economic growth in the population. Poor economic growth resulted to decline in the population growth of the region. This is due to high unemployment levels, increased crimes, poor living standards, reduced birth rates and increased death rates within the region. References Ackelsberg, R. and Arlow, P. 2005. â€Å"Contribution of small businesses to population growth†, long Range Planning, Vol. 18 No. 5, pp. 61-7. Ackoff, R.L. 2003. A comparison of population growth in Wales, Scotland and England:, New York, NY. Andersen, T.J. 2004. â€Å"The performance of Scotland Firms and contribution to its population growth, Vol. 33, pp. 184-200. Andersen, T.J. 2005. â€Å"the effects of business insolvencies on population growth in a region†, Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 41 No. 8, pp. 1271-99. Armstrong, J.S. 2004 â€Å"The value of formal planning for strategic decisions: review of empirical research†, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 3 No. 3, pp. 197-211. Balestra, P. 2006 â€Å"The concept of insolvency in business organizations†, J., Milgate, M. and Newman, P. (Eds), The New Palgrave: Econometrics, Macmillan, Basingstoke, pp. 70-4. Barney, J.B. 2008. â€Å"Firm financial position and sustained competitive advantage†, Journal of Management, Vol. 17, pp. 99-120. Beard, D.W. and Dess, G.G. 2009. â€Å"Industry profitability and firm performance: a preliminary analysis on the business insolvency question†, Academy of Management Proceedings, pp. 123-7. Chakravarthy, B.S. 2006 â€Å"Measuring financial performance†, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 7, pp. 437-58. Covin, J.G., Slevin, D.P. and Schulz, R.L. 2004. â€Å"Implementing strategic mission to avoid insolvency†, Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 31, pp. 481-505.

Essay on The Heroes of the Trojan War Hector Achilles

In the Greek epic, The Iliad, Homer describes the siege and capture of the ancient city of Troy by Achilles and the Achaean warriors. Achilles, being a fearless fighter, defeated many throughout his battles against the Trojan army, including the brave-hearted Hector during the invasion of Troy. Though Achilles has been given the title of the hero of the Trojan War, many historians believe that Hector was a greater hero than Achilles. When comparing the characteristics of an epic hero such as being a national hero and having supernatural abilities, Hector clearly surpasses Achilles. In this essay, the argument will be supported through the context of the heroic personas revealed by the warriors and the non-heroic qualities that dishonored†¦show more content†¦Meanwhile, Hector was often pictured as a strong, valiant man who also had a gentler side, unlike Achilles. Even when facing attacking armies, Hector fought to protect his family from the invading forces and for the surv ival of his city. It should be noted that before Hector faced the tragedies of the upcoming Trojan War, he blessed his only son and asked Zeus, the god of all gods, to grant his son to be like him, the â€Å"first in glory among the Trojans† (340). Though Hector was a better man in a moral sense when compared to Achilles, he still had some flaws. While attempting to eliminate Achilles, Hector mistakenly killed one of Achilles’ closest men, Patroclus, who happened to be wearing Achilles’ armor. After Patroclus’ death, Hector, under the belief that he had defeated the great Achilles, removed the armor from the corpse and wore it, which defiled the warrior’s respect and honor. Also, in â€Å"Book 22† of the Iliad, Hector tainted his honor during the arrival of Achilles by leaving â€Å"the gates [of Troy] behind and [fleeing] in fear† (347). Even though he fled Achilles, Hector knew that in order to save his people, he must face the gre at runner, and he did so for Troy. Unfortunately for Hector, he was facing certain death. When Hector took his final stand, Achilles, with Athena’s assistance, dealt the final blow that killed the great Hector. Due to the infinite outrage of the death of Patroclus’ death still dwelling inside of him, Achilles refused to returnShow MoreRelatedAchilles, Agamemnon and Hektor, Three Great Heroes with Different Characteristics.1485 Words   |  6 PagesAchilles, Agamemnon and Hektor, three great heroes with different characteristics. In the center of ancient Greek history are the big heroes, Gods and Goddesses but one of the heroes described with mastery is Achilles the Greek hero who is not described with disdain like other Greek heroes but with more love. 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In the Iliad and the Odyssey, the code which administers the conduct of the Homeric heroes is a straightforward idea. The aim of every hero is to achieve honor. Throughout the Iliad and the Odyssey, different characters take on the role of a hero. Honor is essential to the Homeric heroes, so much that life would be meaningless without it. Thus, honor is more important than life itself. Throughout the Iliad, heroic characters makeRead MoreAchilles vs. Hector Essay689 Words   |  3 PagesAchilles vs. Hector In the Iliad is a very interesting epic with features two main central characters that are similar in some ways but totally different in other ways. In this epic you will be introduced to Hector and Achilles. Two men from each side in the great Trojan-Greek war. They were both heroes to their people despite their clearly different contrast in their personalities. 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What Is a Chelate in Chemistry

A chelate is an organic compound formed when a polydentate ligand bonds to a central metal atom. Chelation, according to the IUPAC, involves the formation of two or more separate coordinate bonds between the ligand and central atom. The ligands are terms of chelating agents, chelants, chelators, or sequestering agents. Uses of Chelates Chelation therapy is used to remove toxic metals, as in heavy metal poisoning. Chelation is used to formulate nutritional supplements. Chelating agents are using in fertilizers, to prepare homogeneous catalysts, and as contrast agents in MRI scans. Chelate Examples Most biochemical molecules can dissolve metal cations to form chelate complexes. Polynucleic acids, proteins, amino acids, polypeptides, and polysaccharides all act as polydentate ligands.The bidentate ligand ethylenediamine forms a chelate complex with the copper ion to form a five-membered CuC2N2 ring.Almost all metalloenzymes involve chelated metals, typically to cofactors, peptides, or prosthetic groups.Hot chemical weathering is typically due to organic chelants extracting metal ions from rocks and minerals.Many nutritional supplements are prepared by chelating metal ions to help protect the metal from forming complexes with insoluble salts in the stomach. These supplements thus provide a higher capacity for absorption.Homogeneous catalysts, such as ruthenium(II) chloride chelated with a bidentate phosphine, frequently are chelated complexes.EDTA and phosphonates are common chelating agents used to soften water.

Historical Development of Nursing - 1368 Words

Running head: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING 1 Historical Development of Nursing Valerie Spalding Theoretical Foundations of Practice NUR 513 May 31, 2014 Dr. Noura Kassis HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING 2 Historical Development of Nursing The development of nursing has made giant leaps throughout the last century. Starting with Florence Nightingale, the history of nursing will be discussed. A few significant events, theories and theorists will be depicted. In addition, the relationship between nursing science and the profession will be described. Moreover, the influences on nursing science of other disciplines will be mentioned. Because nursing has a plethora of history and†¦show more content†¦Comprised of theory of self care, self care deficit, and nursing system; nursing care becomes necessary when the patient is unable to fulfill biological, psychological, developmental or social needs (George, 2011). This was the conceptual model used at the nursing school I attended. Another theorist that I admire from the 1970’s is Betty Neuman. From the principles of her psychological background, Neuman’s theory states that interaction with internal and external environment embracing the whole client system can affect an individual (Neuman Fawcett, 2011). Simply stated, reduce stress. The 1980’s provided expansion and revision to many nursing theories based on research findings (George, 2011). Further research and broadening of nursing theories continued into the 1990’s and the 21st century (George, 2011). As technology and cultures advance, so will the need for additional research and nursing theory expansion. With more awareness of a multicultural society and multicultural needs, it is evident that diversity has had an impact on nursing theory (George, 2011). According to George (2011), diversity of theoretical thought is the focus guiding the discipline of nursing in research and evidence-based practice in the 21st century. Nursing Science and the Profession Nursing science is directly related to nursing as a profession. The definition of science is knowledge acquired through experience, and the definition of profession is aShow MoreRelatedHistorical Development of Nursing1381 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING 1 Historical Development of Nursing Valerie Spalding Theoretical Foundations of Practice NUR 513 May 31, 2014 Dr. Noura Kassis HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING 2 Historical Development of Nursing The development of nursing has made giant leaps throughout the last century. Starting with Florence Nightingale, the history of nursing will be discussed. A few significant events, theories and theoristsRead MoreHistorical Development of Nursing1413 Words   |  6 PagesHistorical Development of Nursing Timeline International Council of Nurses (ICN) definition of nursing is - â€Å"collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups and communities, sick or well and in all settings. Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of disease, and the care of ill, disabled and dying people. 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Quality Control of Ground Improvement Using Jet Grouting Technique

Question: Case stydyabout the Quality control for the process of ground improvement using the jet grouting technique. Answer: Jet grouting: Jet grouting can be defined as a process that is being used in the construction industry and this process is used with the help of a high kinetic energy jet of fluid in order to break and loosen the soil so that it can be mixed with thin slurry that is produced (Alp and Rasin, 2004). Jet grouting is known as a grouting method by which soils are grouted and it is performed with the help of a grouting monitor that are attached at the end of the stem which is being used for drilling. With the help of this monitor, the maximum possible depth can also be seen. The jet grouting method can be classified into three different classes and these different types of jet grouting methods are used in different cases and it depends on the types of the soil at which the work is to be performed. The three classes of jet grouting are known as the single fluid system, the double fluid system and the triple fluid system. The single fluid system is also known as slurry grout jet whereas the double fluid s ystem is known as the slurry grout jet that is surrounded by an air jet (Greenwood, 2008). On the other hand, the triple fluid system is known as the system in which water jet is surrounded by an air jet along with a lower amount of grout jet. All the three classes of jet grouting system contain three phases and these are to be performed in proper sequence. Quality control procedure: The quality control procedure is known as a set of or a group of procedures that are used in order to ensure the quality of a particular process, service or product is under control or not. In order to maintain the quality or control the quality of a process or product or in other words, in order to implement the quality control system in the industry some standards are to be made. Quality control of jet grouting: The construction and installation of the foundation plate base of a new stadium in the Prikubansky interurban district of the city of Krasnodar in Russia is taken into consideration doe the analysis of quality control in jet grouting ground improvement processes. The terrain of the construction site was quite flat and the ground comprised of hard and stiff loam, silty sand, semisolid clay and medium gravel sand. Analysis of various geotechnical and seismological conditions of the ground showed two primary problems that might arise due to any seismic or excessive weighting loads. These are vibroliquefaction and vibrocreep of the lower tight layers of silty sand and excessive porous nature of layer of brown clay, in case of any kind of seismic activity. Thus, in order to improve the quality of the ground and its underlying layers, double jet grouting technique was used to achieve stiff characteristics of the foundation of the stadium. Several quality control mechanisms were implemented to ascertain the initial, changing and final quality of the ground. During the process of foundation stabilization using jumbo or double jet grouting, the best process variables that can result in the formation of the required diameter of bored hole by the jet elements were the main factors that were kept in consideration. Also other important factors like the physical and mechanical properties and characteristics of the resulting soil-cement mixture in the foundation were determined to ascertain of the sturdiness and load bearing capabilities of the foundation. The construction team ensured that the diameter of the foundation elements must not be lower than 1200 millimetre and the compressive strength of the elements after a settling period of 28 days must not be less than 4 megapascals. Four soil-cement elements were constructed with the double jet grouting process at a depth of 13 metres from the ground surface. The drilling depth was determined by the already obtained engineering and geological data of the construction site ground. Vital quality control and assessment measures were undertaken during the construction of the foundation elements with about 900 kg of Portland cement for every one running metre of the stable soil. After aging for about seven days, the established foundation elements were drilled to determine their actual diameters and it was found that the actual diameter of all the elements was higher than 1200 millimetre, thereby satisfying the quality requirements. Some test drilling and foundation laying were also done using lower amounts of cement quantity, typically 600 and 650 kg near the actual construction site, in order to find out whether the set objective can be achieved while cutting down on costs. But the observed diameter was found to be lower than the set target of 1200 millimetre and thus the amount of cement to be used in the foundation laying process was determined as 900 kg. The samples of soil-cement mix obtained by boring and grouting were also analysed and test samples were taken from various depths from the soil surface after a hardening and settling period of 7 to 14 days. These samples were tested for compressive strength and the stress-strain modulus using the universal testing machine Zwick2-250. After obtaining the test results, statistical analysis of the obtained data were used to define the average values of the compressive strength and the stress strain values of the core samples. The soil-cement compressive strength of all the underlying layers of the ground was found to be within the required parameters and values. (Galina G., Oleg and Ilgiz, 2013) The need of quality control team is needed in the jet grouting works in order to measure the proper ground settlements and it also can be understood that the settlements are excessive or not. There are different types of jet grouting methods that can be applied in a particular type of soil but the most suitable technique that has been chosen in the stadium construction process so as to maintain the quality of the process and also to meet the requirements properly, is the double jet grouting technique. In the quality control process of the double jet grouting process, after testing all the materials, tools, equipments and machineries, some tests are made and these are made a number of times in order to make sure that the results that are found are correct. All the chemicals and other elements that are used in the jet grouting system also must be checked properly in order to ensure that they are meeting the required quality or not. Then a period comes and this period is known as the ad justment period and in this period all the outcomes of the quality control process that are not meeting the requirements are adjusted in order to meet the objectives and maintain the quality of process. In this phase the control chart is used. A control chart can be defined as a chart in which all the data are graphically represented and by observing which one can easily understand that the process or the activity is under control or out of control. The control limits are to be standardised before observing the activities in the control chart or else it cannot be understood that a process is under control or not. After plotting data into the control chart and understanding it, proper interpretation of the data and analysis were performed in order to improve the overall quality of the foundation laying process. In order to analyse the data that are found from observing the activities related to the jet grouting process, statistical analysis measures were used and through this method the error and % error in all the vital processes were found. This helped to improve the quality of the processes that are not meeting proper qualities. While executing the jet grouting the diameter of the bored hole was properly controlled. Maintenance of the quality and amount of the diameter of columns made by jet grouting methods were done by monitoring certain factors that can have an impact on the diameter of the columns. (Thomas, 2013). The type and strength of soil were taken into consideration and the soil erosion property of the site was checked. The diameter though mainly depended on the method of jet grouting that is being used in the work process, that is, double jet grouting .(Thomas, 2013). The Jumbo Jet Special Grout method is one type of double jet grouting method where two fluid jets are used along with proper cement grout and air. In this technique, cement grout mixtures are injected under high pressure using a cone of compressed air that covers the grout injection. This air helps to reduce frictional loss and helps the cement to penetrate further, leading to the creation of large diameter columns. The diameter of the ground hole created by the jet grouting process is usually affected by soil properties and other variables like lifting speed, grout pressure, nozzle diameter etc. Hence, these factors and parameters were critically monitored for quality assessment and control. The procedures used to evaluate control quality of operations were applied to the samples of grout cubes spoil cubes; spoil density reading to check for strength compatibility with respect to the sections extracted for trial purposes. Double fluid jet grouting process has been used in this context to improve soil strength lower the permeability of the soils silty layer of sand. Real time monitoring and quality control were performed during the whole process to prevent any heaves from occurring. Dewatering systems were also installed, before the ground was drilled in order to prevent any excess water seepage into the bored hole, which might lead to weakening of the soil layers. Then, certain tests were performed to assess the quality of the double jet grouting process. Coring and strength testing were done in production jet grout columns and some samples were selected from each cored column for strength tests. Usually, this test is done 21 days after cement grouting and installation of columns. Unconfined compression tests are then performed on the extracted samples in accordance to the guidelines laid down in ASTM C42. (Brajesh, 2016) Visual inspections were routinely done and the diameters of the soil bores were measured at every 500 mm, where it was observed that diameter of columns laid down in the soil using double jet grouting tends to get narrower near about the ground water table level. Visual quality control tests were followed by integrity testing. Integrity of the columns constructed was tested thoroughly to assess the quality and condition of the soil after grouting. (Giuseppe and Joanna, 2012)The PDI pile integrity tester was used as a technical tool or instrument for this purpose. Quality control is extremely essential to carefully monitor the materials used in the soil pumping mixing process. The grout mix used to improve the ground was tested for density measurement suing hydrometers and for viscosity using Marsh Cone. The whole installation process was carefully controlled and observed to maintain quality at every step. Vital parameters such as flow-rate, pressure and total volume of concrete inje cted into the soil were monitored suing automatic instruments. Certain other parameters such as grout rotation speed and withdrawal were also kept under observation during the foundation settling process. One vital point is that for the case of deep soil mixing like the one done in the stadium construction process, coring and unconfined compressive strength testing are mandatory. (James C. and Wen-Chieh, 2014) These types of comprehensive and all encompassing quality control testing and verification techniques are incorporated in order to proactively identify and resolve any type of potential problems in the ground improvement process. References Alp, G. and Rasin, D. (2004). Ground Improvement By Jet Grouting Technique For Foundations Of A Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant In Turkey. Brajesh, M. (2016). A Study on Ground Improvement Techniques and Its Applications.International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. Giuseppe, M. and Joanna, B. (2012). Analysis of Foundations Reinforced with Jet Grouting.Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. Greenwood, D. (2008). Discussion: Theoretical modelling of jet grouting.Gotechnique, 58(6), pp.533-535. James C., N. and Wen-Chieh, C. (2014). Quality control of double fluid jet grouting below groundwater table: Case history.Soils and Foundations. Richard, F. (2005). Review of the Jet Grouting Method. Thomas, K. (2013). The control of column diameter and strength in Jet Grouting processes and the influence of ground conditions. Galina G., K., Oleg, M. and Ilgiz, K. (2013). Experience in Application of JET Grouting for Installation of Substructures of Estates.Frontier in Geotechnical Engineering (FGE) Volume 2 Issue 2, June 2013.

The Hidden Soul free essay sample

Anticipation thickened in the hall as he lingered his hands above the keys, waiting then he struck. The heavy chord echoed throughout the music hall loudly announcing the entrance of a masterpiece. He played like a brute. Short. Full. Heavy. Piercingly. Then in the midst of the passage, the chords morphed into long, continuous notes; the poetic melody flowing lightly through the air. The sound became softer and softer until all that could be heard was a whisper, a little tease to the climax that had yet to come. I leaned forward, straining to hear the secrets he murmured. But before I could, those fingers became children. Hopping. Leaping. Skipping. As they danced, their moves became more frantic. They were bouncing, running, dashing, darting suddenly he slammed down the chord, giving the climax a dramatic flair. The pianist had become the Pied Piper and I, like the children, had become entranced. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hidden Soul or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I had never heard Classical music played in such a way. My parents have tried to foster an understanding for this old genre, even convincing me to learn the piano. Studying the instrument was fun, but playing Classical music was like following the directions on how to make a peanut butter and jelly sandwich. Play all the notes, follow the dynamics, add some phrasing and voila you have music. Listening to Classical music was even more of a bore than playing it. No matter how much Beethoven, Mozart and Vivaldi my parents made me listen to in the house and car, I could not enjoy it. The ignorant belief that I held followed me to the Nathaniel Patch Competition I attended during middle school. I was confident that the prize would be mine. My playing was flawless; however the judges thought differently. You can do more, they said. More? There is no more. But listening to the pianist, I realized there was more. Beneath the black ink was a world full of color and emotions. What he playe d was real music. Real music that touched not only the mind, but the soul. If I just sit down and take the time to look, I will be able to see beneath the surface. And I did. Two years later, I won my first piano competition. I took my insight beyond the music world. As I tried to look beyond the surface of not only my pieces but also people, I fell in love with the human psyche. Our complex minds fascinated me and I found myself wanting to learn more. Look more. The pianist slowed down as he came nearer to the end, dragging out the inevitable. Taking a little pause, he struck the last chord, his hands sitting on the piano, letting the sound soak into the music hall. Silence reigned for a beat, but was immediately overtaken with thunderous applause. Lang Lang stood from the bench taking a bow with a smile on his face. I stood up with the crowd, inspired by this young pianist had found what many adults had not: the hidden soul.